PPT 选择题汇总

本页汇总 PPT 末尾的单选题。题源目前来自可确认含选项题的 Lecture PDF 1-8；Lec.9-16 暂未发现 PPT 内置单选题。

参考答案与解析由 GPT-5.5 辅助生成，并基于本站课程笔记进行初步核验；非官方答案，仅供参考。若与课堂讲解或官方答案冲突，以官方答案为准。标注“需人工复核”的题目表示存在计算口径、题干或选项疑点。

感谢 AyaSKT 对本页 GPT 辅助整理部分的支持。

Block.1 项目管理

Lec.1

Question: Which of the following is not a project?

AA bridge on a Panama Canal BDeveloping content for a new course CEnvironmental awareness campaign DRunning a cab

参考答案：D

项目是临时性的，并产生独特的产品、服务或成果；经营出租车是持续运营活动，不是项目。

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Question: Which process group authorizes the project?

AInitiating BPlanning CExecuting DMonitoring and Controlling

参考答案：A

Initiating 过程组用于正式授权项目，例如制定项目章程。

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Question: Project A has a BCR of 1.4. What can we infer from this?

AThat Breaking distance is 140 percent of the cornering radius in a standardized performance test BThat benefits are forty percent above costs CThe costs exceed benefits by 40% DThat Project A should be cancelled immediately, and all investments should be viewed as sunk costs

参考答案：B

BCR = Benefits / Costs。BCR 为 1.4 表示收益是成本的 140%，即收益比成本高 40%。

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Question: Which of the following skills are not core competencies of a project manager?

AProject management skills BBusiness management skills CLeadership skills DExpert Technical skills

参考答案：D

项目经理核心能力通常是项目管理、战略/商业管理与领导力；专家级领域技术能力有帮助，但不是该框架列出的核心能力。

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Question: You are a project manager for an electrical manufacturing company involved in developing innovative components for renewable energy solutions. You have noticed that one of your team members is lacking knowledge in electronic component design. The same was intimated to him, and you tried sending him for training. However, the team member started arguing that he is an expert in electronic component design. Which of the following best describes this situation?

AThe team member is consciously incompetent BThe team member is unconsciously incompetent CThe team member is consciously competent DThe team member is unconsciously competent

参考答案：B

该成员缺乏能力但没有意识到自己的能力缺口，因此属于 unconsciously incompetent。

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Question: You are assigned to an electronic product development project. You have earlier worked as a project manager for a few electronic devices and have successfully overseen their development. You have a complete understanding and knowledge of designing such electronic products. When the team is preparing detailed electronic schematics and plans, you are directing the team and correcting their mistakes. The team is modifying circuit designs as per your suggestions. Which type of power are you using here?

AReward Power BCoercive Power CExpert Power DPositional Power

参考答案：C

项目经理依靠被认可的专业知识和经验影响团队，这是 expert power。

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Lec.2

Question: Carmen is just about to deliver the case study commissioned by the Tesla Gigafactory project. Before she does, she arranges a meeting with the steering committee and project sponsor associated with the Tesla Gigafactory to take them through the case study, answer any questions or concerns they may have, and seek to get an official confirmation that the case study meets their expectations. What process is she performing here?

ADeliverables Acceptance BAccept Deliverables CClose Project or Phase DValidate Scope

参考答案：D

Validate Scope 是正式验收已完成交付物的过程；题干描述的是向干系人确认 case study 满足期望。

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Question: Which of the following is the full and correctly ordered list of processes in the Project Schedule Management Knowledge Area?

ADefine Activities, Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Durations, Develop Schedule, Control Schedule BDefine Activities, Estimate Activity Durations, Develop Schedule, Control Schedule CPlan Schedule Management, Define Activities, Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Durations, Develop Schedule, Control Schedule DControl Schedule, Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Durations, Define Activities, Plan Schedule Management, Develop Schedule

参考答案：C

Project Schedule Management 的完整顺序是 Plan Schedule Management、Define Activities、Sequence Activities、Estimate Activity Durations、Develop Schedule、Control Schedule。

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Lec.3

Question: Interoperable Systems Corp is estimating costs for a new project they recently won. Funding limits will be set based on these cost estimates, and if they're too low, it could cause serious delays and adverse management attention. What type of estimating will be most appropriate and why?

AThree-point estimating because it considers optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely costs. BParametric estimating because nearly 20 percent of project cost is fencing, which has a predictable cost per linear foot. CBottom-up estimating, because this will be most thorough. DTop-down estimating because the estimates need to be aligned with anticipated funding limits.

参考答案：C

题干强调估算会影响 funding limits，且低估会带来严重后果，因此应选更详细、最彻底的 bottom-up estimating。

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Question: The server refresh project has incurred costs of $675,000, while the work completed was expected to cost $525,000. What is the CPI?

A0.778 B1.29 C0.286 D$150,000

参考答案：A

CPI = EV / AC。已完成工作计划成本为 EV = $525,000，实际成本 AC = $675,000，所以 CPI = 525/675 = 0.778。

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Question: You are the project manager for a construction company. When you are checking the project status you observed that the project is under budget and behind schedule. Which of the following tool and technique do you use to bring the project to the planned stage?

AEarned value management BReserve analysis CVariance analysis DCrashing

参考答案：D

项目落后于进度但低于预算，可以通过 crashing 增加资源/成本来压缩进度；EVM 和 variance analysis 主要用于诊断状态。

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Lec.4

Question: Which of the following are the most fundamental components of the communications model?

ASender, Receiver, Medium and interference BSender, Receiver, Feedback CSender, Message, Medium and noise DSender, Receiver, Message

参考答案：D

最基本的沟通模型核心是发送者、接收者和消息；反馈、媒介和噪声属于扩展要素。

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Question: Outputs from Manage Communications might include what?

AChange requests BExpert judgment CMeetings DProject document updates, including updates to Issue log

参考答案：D

Manage Communications 的输出包括项目文件更新，例如 issue log 更新；expert judgment 和 meetings 是工具/技术。

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Question: The software development project requires an expensive Direct-Attached Storage Device for testing. This device is sensitive to vibration and the tenant one floor above runs a punch press from time to time that can create enough vibration to cause issues with the storage device. Which of the following is an example of risk mitigation?

ASpeak with the punch press operator, and ask him to please notify you when he is about to operate the punch press, so that you can shut down the DASD ahead of time BMount the storage device in a special rack with elastic mounts to achieve some level of vibration isolation CPurchase a service contract for the storage device so that it will be replaced at no charge if it is damaged DCross your fingers and hope you don't run into trouble

参考答案：B

Mitigation 是降低风险发生概率或影响；振动隔离直接降低 punch press 振动造成损害的风险。服务合同更接近风险转移。

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Question: SWOT is which of the following?

ASilver Whisker Optimization Technique BA tool or technique used in identifying risks CA structured way of ranking risks DA graphic view of relative probabilities

参考答案：B

SWOT 分析常作为识别风险的数据分析工具，用于从优势、劣势、机会和威胁角度发现风险。

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Block.2 面向制造的设计

Lec.5

Question: Design for Manufacturing (DFM) is an important part of any product development cycle (e.g., initial design, final design, fabrication, production, and product launch). Which item below is correct?

AThe DFM is more effective to be applied in the production stage because of the higher impact and lower cost of changes due to the product being manufactured and can be changed promptly. BThe DFM is more effective to be applied during product launch because of the highest impact and lowest cost of changes. CThe DFM is more effective to be applied to the initial design because of the highest impact and lowest cost of changes. DThe DFM is more effective to be applied after the initial design and before production when the final design is being finalized and can effectively implement required changes according to customer requirements. EThe DFM is more effective to be applied in all stages after design because we are sure that the customer requirements are recognized completely and any changes in the future do not impose higher costs of changes.

参考答案：C

DFM 在初始设计阶段影响最大、修改成本最低，因为产品成本和制造约束尚未被后续设计与生产决策锁定。

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Question: There is a variety of actionable sustainable design principles that can be implemented to create better designs. Some of them are below except:

ADematerialization. BMigration to product-service systems. CLimit or eliminate long-distance outsourcing. DDesign for a shorter period of usage. EInvest in simulation.

参考答案：D

可持续设计通常鼓励延长使用寿命、减少资源消耗和浪费，而不是有意缩短产品使用周期。

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Question: Which of the following statements best describes the three pillars of sustainability?

ASustainability involves meeting the current generation's needs without consideration for future generations, emphasizing economic growth, environmental care, and social well-being. BSustainability entails achieving economic growth, environmental care, and social well-being simultaneously, fulfilling the needs of current generations without compromising the needs of future generations. CSustainability primarily focuses on economic growth, with minimal consideration for environmental and social aspects, to fulfill the needs of the current generation. DSustainability prioritizes environmental care over economic growth and social well-being, neglecting the importance of balancing all three pillars. ESustainability emphasizes social well-being as the sole pillar, with economic growth and environmental care being secondary considerations in fulfilling the needs of current and future generations.

参考答案：B

三大支柱是经济、环境与社会，并且核心定义是满足当代需求而不损害后代满足其需求的能力。

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Question: Which of the following is NOT a principle of Design for Manufacturing (DFM)?

AStandardization BSimplicity CMaterial Selection DAdvertising Strategy EAutomation

参考答案：D

DFM 原则包括简化、标准化、公差/材料选择、自动化与流程集成等；广告策略属于市场活动，不是 DFM 原则。

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Question: The 4Rs are effective tools for building a circular economy for sustainable products. Which of the following is NOT one of the 4Rs principles?

AReduce BReuse CRepair DRecycle EReplace

参考答案：E

4Rs 指 Reduce、Reuse、Repair、Recycle；Replace 不属于该组原则。

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Question: The product development cycle generally consists of initial design, final design, fabrication, production, and product launch. At which stage is Design for Manufacturing (DFM) most effective in terms of highest impact and lowest cost of changes?

AInitial design BFinal design CFabrication DProduction EProduct launch

参考答案：A

越早进行 DFM，设计变更越便宜、杠杆越大；初始设计阶段是最有效的阶段。

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Question: Sustainability aims to balance three main pillars. Which of the following is NOT one of the pillars of sustainability?

AEconomic pillar BEnvironmental pillar CSocial pillar DTechnological pillar ENone of the above

参考答案：D

可持续发展的三大支柱是经济、环境、社会；技术不是标准三支柱之一。

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Lec.6

Question: When analyzing broad causes by looking at the specific parts, the Pareto chart is one of the applicable tools for the control of quality. Which of the following statements about a Pareto chart is true?

AIt is a bar graph that displays the relative frequency or size of problems in descending order of importance. BIt is a line graph that shows the cumulative percentage of problems plotted against the total number of occurrences. CIt is a scatter plot that indicates the correlation between two variables. DIt is a pie chart that breaks down the total number of problems into categories. ENone of the above statements.

参考答案：A

帕累托图用降序柱状图展示问题类别的频率或影响大小，用于识别关键少数问题。

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Question: Which of the following statements best fits with the definition of the control charts?

AControl charts are used to determine whether a process is stable and predictable over time. BControl charts are used to determine whether a process is profitable or not. CControl charts are used to determine whether a process is meeting customer demand or not. DControl charts are used to determine whether a process is efficient or not. ENone of the above statements is correct.

参考答案：A

控制图用于观察过程随时间的波动，判断过程是否稳定、可预测、处于受控状态。

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Question: The cost of quality can be categorized into four categories: Prevention Cost, Appraisal Cost, Internal Failure Cost, and External Failure Cost. Which item below is not classified as an appraisal cost?

ATest and inspection (receiving, in-process, and final) BSupplier acceptance sampling CProduct Audits DEquipment upgrades ECalibration

参考答案：D

检验、抽样、审核、校准都属于评价成本；设备升级更接近预防成本，不是 appraisal cost。

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Question: The seven basic Quality Control (7-QC) tools are widely used to manage and improve product or process quality. Which of the following is NOT one of the seven QC tools?

AFlowchart BPareto chart CLinear programming DScatter diagram EControl chart

参考答案：C

线性规划是优化方法，不属于七大质量控制工具。

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Question: The Cost of Quality (CoQ) can be categorized into four types: Prevention Cost, Appraisal Cost, Internal Failure Cost, and External Failure Cost. Consider the following two costs in a manufacturing company: (1) cost of quality-related training for employees, and (2) product recall and warranty repairs after the product reaches customers. How should these two costs be classified?

ATraining - Prevention Cost; Product recall - External Failure Cost BTraining - Appraisal Cost; Product recall - Internal Failure Cost CTraining - Internal Failure Cost; Product recall - Prevention Cost DTraining - External Failure Cost; Product recall - Appraisal Cost ETraining - Appraisal Cost; Product recall - Prevention Cost

参考答案：A

质量培训用于预防缺陷，属于 prevention cost；产品到达客户后召回或保修属于 external failure cost。

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Question: A manufacturer of printed circuit boards (PCBs) wants to monitor the defect rate over time to ensure the products meet quality standards. After collecting data for a certain period, the manufacturer plots the defect rate and observes the trend over time to determine whether the process is under control or not. Which quality control tool is most appropriate for this purpose?

AHistogram BControl Chart CCheck Sheet DPareto Chart ECause-and-Effect Diagram

参考答案：B

题目强调随时间监控缺陷率并判断过程是否受控，最对应控制图。

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Lec.7

Question: According to the Taguchi quality philosophy, the quadratic loss function can be represented in several forms depending on the design objective. Which of the following is NOT one of the common Taguchi loss function types?

ANominal-the-best BSmaller-the-better CLarger-the-better DTarget-the-zero ENone of the above

参考答案：D

常见 Taguchi loss 类型包括 nominal-the-best、smaller-the-better 和 larger-the-better；target-the-zero 不是常见分类。

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Question: In robust design, the response of a product (denoted by y) can be influenced by three classes of parameters represented as Z, M, and X. Which of the following options correctly represents two of these parameter classes?

AControl factors and Noise factors BMarketing factors and Economic factors CEnvironmental factors and Financial factors DHuman factors and Cost factors EDemand factors and Supply factors

参考答案：A

鲁棒设计中常见参数类别包括控制因子、噪声因子和信号因子；A 正确给出了其中两类。

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Question: A product engineer collects 10 observations for a product quality characteristic where the objective is nominal-the-best. The target value is 8.5 and the Taguchi loss constant k=1. The observations are: 8.100, 8.900, 8.450, 9.250, 8.860, 8.350, 8.250, 8.680, 8.900, 9.050. Based on these data, what is the average Taguchi loss value for this dataset?

A0.3762 B0.1736 C0.0319 D0.6790 E0.1420

参考答案：B（需人工复核）

直接算平均损失为 sum((y-8.5)^2)/10 = 0.15945，不在选项中；若按近似 Q ≈ (均值-目标)^2 + 样本方差，得到约 0.1736，对应 B。

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Lec.8

Question: Which of the following statements is true regarding process capability?

AProcess capability is a measure of how efficient a process is in terms of time and resources. BProcess capability refers to the degree to which a process can consistently produce output that meets process specifications. CProcess capability is determined solely by the skill level of the workers involved in the process. DProcess capability is not relevant for service industries. ENone of the above statements is true regarding process capability.

参考答案：B

过程能力衡量过程能否稳定、持续地产出满足规格要求的结果，而不是单纯效率或人员技能。

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Question: A manufacturing process produces a product with specification limits 20 ± 1 mm. The process mean is 19.8 mm and the standard deviation is 0.2 mm. What is the process capability index Cpk?

A0.67 B1.00 C1.33 D1.67 E2.00

参考答案：C

LSL=19，USL=21，mu=19.8，sigma=0.2；Cpk=min((21-19.8)/(3*0.2), (19.8-19)/(3*0.2))=min(2.00,1.33)=1.33。

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Question: The process capability index (Cpk) is used to evaluate how well a process can meet specification limits. Which of the following statements correctly describes a process with Cpk = 1.20?

AThe process has a high risk of defects and is not capable BThe process has a moderate risk of defects and improvement is needed for better capability CThe process has a low risk of defects and is capable but may still be improved DThe process has minimal risk of defects and is highly capable EThe process produces zero defects

参考答案：B

Cpk=1.20 通常处于 1 <= Cpk < 1.33 的区间，说明过程有一定能力但仍有中等风险，需要进一步改进。

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Question: Which of the following Cpk values indicates a highly capable process with minimal risk of defects?

A0.85 B1.10 C1.30 D1.70 E1.00

参考答案：D

较高的 Cpk 表示过程离规格边界更远、缺陷风险更低；选项中 1.70 最符合 highly capable。

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Question: Six Sigma improvement methodology follows the DMAIC framework consisting of five main phases. Which of the following is NOT one of the Six Sigma DMAIC phases?

AImprove BDefine CAnalyze DCalibrate EMeasure

参考答案：D

DMAIC 是 Define、Measure、Analyze、Improve、Control；Calibrate 不是其中一个阶段。